Winter

Harems break up when the rut ends. Bulls of all ages may gather in "bachelor herds" or go off on their own to feed and gain strength for the winter. Feeling weak from the rut and knowing their antlers make them stand out, the bulls stand a better chance against predators by hiding out in their own or in small groups, cows and calves regroup in herds led by older, experienced cows. The mature, "lead cow" usually barks alarms and leads the rest of the group away from dangers like hungry bears,mountain lions and coyotes. In the western United States lead cows also guide the herd from their summer range, such as the Kanosha Mountains to winter range, like the Ranching area of South Park, and back on established migration routes.

Not all elk have to migrate like they do in the Tarryalls and Rocky Mountains. If they have enough food , water, shelter and space, elk will stay in the same area year around.